13th century explained to kids

The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 through December 31, 1300 in accordance with the Julian calendar. This century is considered part of the High Middle Ages, and saw the height of the Medieval Warm Period. In Europe, the 13th century was the time of the rise of the medieval communes, the humanization of law, the formation of national identity, and the beginning of the European high age of paper production. In the Middle East, the 13th century was the era of the rise of the Mamluk sultanates, and the beginning of the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate. In Africa, the 13th century was the era of the vast Mali Empire and the collapse of the Old Ghana Empire. In Asia, the 13th century was characterized by the rise of the Mongol Empire, and the beginning of the Islamization of the Philippines. In the Americas, the 13th century was the period of the rise of the Aztec Empire, and the beginning of the Mesoamerican Classic Period.