Rainforest explained to kids

A rainforest is a forest characterized by high rainfall, with annual rainfall in the case of tropical rainforests between 250 and 450 centimetres (98 and 177 in), and definitions varying by region for temperate rainforests. The monsoon trough, alternatively known as the intertropical convergence zone, plays a significant role in creating the climatic conditions necessary for the Earth's tropical rainforests. Around 40% to 75% of all biotic species are indigenous to the rainforests. There may be many millions of species of plants, insects and microorganisms still undiscovered in tropical rainforests. Tropical rainforests have been called the "jewels of the Earth" and the "world's largest pharmacy", because over one quarter of natural medicines have been discovered there. The understory or ground layer of rainforests is occupied by a dense, tangled growth of vines, shrubs and small trees, which form a habitat known as the forest floor. The forest floor is home to many animals, such as ants, termites, spiders, snakes, lizards, and small mammals. The canopy of a rainforest is the uppermost layer. The canopy is formed by the crowns of the tallest trees, which can reach up to 60 metres (200 ft) in height. The canopy provides shelter and shade for the forest floor, and is home to many animals, such as monkeys, birds, and bats. The emergent layer is the highest layer of the rainforest. Emergent trees grow to a height of about 40 metres (130 ft). The leaves of these trees are large and leathery, and they are spaced far apart to allow sunlight to reach the forest floor. The emergent layer is home to many animals, such as eagles and butterflies.